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Postfix电子邮件系统完整安装教程

时间:2009-11-17来源:互联网 点击:
Postfix安装和配置
这是邮件系统的核心部分,因此安装和配置是比较复杂的,特别是做配置时要格外小心,有时还需要反复修改,反复测试。
(1)安装postfix.
[root@mailserv2 ~]# cd
[root@mailserv2 ~]# tar zxvf postfix-2.2.11.tar.gz
[root@mailserv2 ~]# cd postfix-2.2.11
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.2.11]# make -f Makefile.init makefiles ‘CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -I/usr/local/include/sasl‘ ‘AUXLIBS=-L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/local/lib -lsasl2‘
如果没有意外,make这一步很快就执行完了,接下来就是安装,使用的命令是:
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.2.11]# make install
程序先自动执行一阵子,然后会进入交互状态,等待用户的输入,一般情况下,一路回车即可完成所有的安装。
(2)配置postfix。Postfix有本身有2个需要修改的配置文件/etc/postfix/main.cf和/etc/postfix/master.cf,因为我们要用mysql虚拟帐号,因此需要手动加一些配置文件,下面挨个来做这些配置。
①main.cf。这个文件有很多行注释,察看起来不是很方便,先用命令 [root@mailserv2 postfix]# sed -n ‘/^#/!p‘  /etc/postfix/main.cf > /etc/postfix/main.cf.new 去掉注释行并生成新文件/etc/postfix/main.cf.new,然后再把它覆盖到 /etc/postfix/main.cf (cp /etc/postfix/main.cf.new /etc/postfix/main.cf)。修改后的文件如下所示:
[root@mailserv2 postfix]# more main.cf

config_directory = /etc/postfix
readme_directory = no
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
html_directory = no
setgid_group = postdrop
command_directory = /usr/sbin
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
###########################################################
content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
max_use = 10
 
#=====================BASE=========================
myhostname = mail2.sery.com
mydomain = mail.sery.com
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname localhost localhost.$mydomain
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 220.94.159.0/24
inet_interfaces = all
 
#=====================Vritual Mailbox settings======================
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:1001
virtual_gid_maps = static:1001
virtual_transport = maildrop
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
 
#====================QUOTA========================
message_size_limit = 14336000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user‘s maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
 
#====================SASL========================
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,
reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,
reject_unauth_destination,
permit
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
smtpd_banner=$myhostname ESMTP "Version not Available"
 
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450

上述配置中,需要特别注意的是mydomain和myhostname,这2个项的值不要设置成一样,否则postfix将不能正确启动。第2个要注意的地方是 virtual_uid_maps及virtual_gid_maps的值,它是vmail用户的uid和vmail组的gid,与前面的文件/usr/local/authlib/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc的"MYSQL_UID_FIELD""MYSQL_GID_FIELD"一定要保持一致,本案的uid和gid都是1001.任何情况下,通过执行

root@mailserv2 postfix]#  id vmail
uid=1001(vmail) gid=1001(vmail) groups=1001(vmail)

察看uid和gid。"content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024"这一行是防病毒和反垃圾邮件用的,稍后再做说明。

②创建目录/etc/postfix/mysql,然后手动创建四个配置文件:mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf,mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf,mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf,mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf。这4个文件的内容分别如下:

[root@mailserv2 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
 
[root@mailserv2 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
 
[root@mailserv2 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
 
[root@mailserv2 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username

另外一个配置文件是/etc/postfix/master.cf,由于需要修改的地方不是很多,可以先在这里把它配置好。

[root@mailserv2 postfix]# more master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the Postfix master(5) manual page.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#submission inet n      -       n       -       -       smtpd
#       -o smtpd_etrn_restrictions=reject
#       -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#smtps    inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#submission   inet    n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#  -o smtpd_etrn_restrictions=reject
#  -o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#628      inet  n       -       n       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    fifo  n       -       n       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       n       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      fifo  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
#qmgr     fifo  n       -       n       300     1       oqmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       n       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       n       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       n       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       n       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay     unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
        -o fallback_relay=
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       n       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       n       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       n       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       n       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       n       -       1       scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/maildrop/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# The Cyrus deliver program has changed incompatibly, multiple times.
#
old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
  flags=Fq. user=foo argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
 
#############################################################################
#                antispam                                                   #
#############################################################################
smtp-amavis unix - - n - 2 smtp
  -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
  -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
  -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
 
localhost:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
  -o content_filter=
  -o local_recipient_maps=
  -o relay_recipient_maps=
  -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
  -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
  -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
  -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
  -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000

这个配置文件,"flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/maildrop/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}"是修改过的,flags前面必须有2个空格,这点值得注意。至于"argv=/usr/local/maildrop/bin/maildrop"则是maildrop安装的路径及maildrop二进制执行文件的位置,当我们安装maildrop文件时,一定要和这个位置相一致。文件从注释框 "antispam"后的一部分内容,是过滤垃圾邮件用的。
到这里,postfix的配置文件基本上算配好了,但是其它相依赖的软件还没有安装和配置好,因此不能运行和测试postfix,等所有的相关软件安装和配置正确后再进行这个步骤。
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TAG: POSTFIX 电子邮件 教程 系统
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